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• Report [74k]
  
  1. Introduction
  2. Summary of Conclusions
  3. Universal Service/Universal Access
     1. The Danger of the Digital Divide: "Haves" and "Have-Nots" in the Information Society
     2. Sources of the Universal Service Obligation
     3. Policies That Promote Universal Service
• Charts [165k]
  1. Internet Users per 10,000
  2. Access Lines per 100
  3. Internet Access in Eastern Europe
  4. Internet Hosts by Country: 1992-1995
  5. Internet Hosts by Country: 1996-1999
  6. Internet Hosts in Eastern Europe
• Country Details [284k]
  • Albania
  • Belarus
  • Bosnia-Herzegovina
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Georgia
  • Hungary
  • Macedonia
  • Moldova
  • Poland
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Ukraine
  • Yugoslavia

Adobe Acrobat PDF Version

• Report and Country Details [7.2MB]
  
• Charts [7.2MB]
  

The Global Internet Liberty Campaign is a group of human rights and civil liberties organizations that advocate the following:

• Prohibiting prior censorship of on-line communication.
• Requiring that laws restricting the content of on-line speech distinguish between the liability of content providers and the liability of data carriers.
• Insisting that on-line free expression not be restricted by indirect means such as excessively restrictive governmental or private controls over computer hardware or software, telecommunications infrastructure, or other essential components of the Internet.
• Including citizens in the Global Information Infrastructure (GII) development process from countries that are currently unstable economically, have insufficient infrastructure, or lack sophisticated technology.
• Prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
• Ensuring that personal information generated on the Internet for one purpose is not used for an unrelated purpose or disclosed without the person's informed consent and enabling individuals to review personal information on the Internet and to correct inaccurate information.
• Allowing on-line users to encrypt their communications and information without restriction.

This report was made possible by a grant from the Open Society Institute. It was written principally by James X. Dempsey, senior staff counsel, with assistance from Jason Schlosberg, law clerk, Ari Schwartz, policy analyst, and Arnab Guha, research fellow, Center for Democracy and Technology. Kurt Wimmer and the law firm of Covington & Burling, Washington D.C., provided invaluable research assistance regarding legal and policy developments in the region. Country reports draw heavily on the contributions of the Open Society Foundation of Albania (Albania), Peter Borys (Bosnia), Megan Hodges (Czech Republic), Oxana Comanescu (Moldova), Evgeniy Zakharov (Ukraine), and Drazen Pantic (Yugoslavia). Other data and comments were provided by Boris Basmadjiev (Bulgaria), Gabriel Bianchi (Slovakia), Norbert Brazda (Slovakia), Dr. Dusan Caf (Slovenia), Steve Carlson (Hungary), Jan Haverkamp (Czech Republic), Oleg Kharkhordin (Russia), Rolf Kleef (Poland), Adrien Mankovits (Hungary), Veni Markovski (Bulgaria), Agoston Nagy (Hungary), Dr. Ognian Shentov (Bulgaria), and Jiri Zlatuska (Czech Republic).

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